LEO editor

Improbable Story of LEO, Resurrection, Number 88, Winter/Spring, 2019/2020, online at  The Computer Conservation Society

In Caminer, H., (Editor), Behr, B., (Production), (2019). LEO Matters, LEO Computers Society, Vol 6, pages 14-16, Autumn.

IN AT THE START OF BUSINESS COMPUTING 

•  What was it really like to be in at the start of business computing, to attempt what no-one had done before, to develop totally new ways of processing and managing data that would eventually completely change the way business operates across the world?
• A flavour of what it felt like can be had from the reminiscences of over 80 people who variously worked on LEO (Lyons Electronic Office), the world’s first computer to run business applications, and its successor machines, now being published as a book this month (28 September). Coming out strongly through the book, “LEO remembered,” is the shared excitement from those involved – designers, engineers, programmers, operators and sales people alike – in knowing that they were onto something big.
• Noting this, the book’s joint editors, Hilary Caminer and Lisa McGerty, comment: “First hand testimony takes us to the heart of the day-to-day routine, the frustrating task of locating and mending hardware and software faults, the camaraderie built from working together on never-before-tackled systems and programming problems, the ethos that LEO instilled and that stayed with its people in their later, often very distinguished careers.”
• LEO story 

• The LEO story began in 1947 when the board of the large J. Lyons & Co catering group, then under the threat of being swamped by paperwork, stumped up the princely sum of £3000 (£83,000 in today’s money) to help fund the completion of Cambridge University’s large scientific computer known as EDSAC. Once it was working, Lyons adapted EDSAC to become LEO for the very different needs of business where relatively straightforward calculations, but in much larger volumes, were involved.
• This was in no way a straightforward task. Frank Land, one of the ground-floor LEO pioneers, commented: “What is not generally appreciated, and is part of the remarkable story that unfolded, is that Lyons, famed for baking bread and feeding people, actually built the computer using their own resources on site at their Cadby Hall headquarters”.
• The bold decision by the Lyons board bore fruit when, in November 1951, just over 70 years ago, the resulting LEO ran its first live business application, a bakeries valuation job, the first in the world to do so. Lyons retained this lead through most of the 1950s and early 1960s, setting up a company, LEO Computers Ltd, to develop and sell computers at home and overseas before eventually merging with International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) in a final fling for the British computer industry.
• The LEO story ended in 1981 when the last of the LEO computers, a LEO 326, one of a large number operated by the Post Office for telephone billing, was finally turned off, the same year coincidentally when the last of the Joe Lyons famous teashops closed its doors.
• ‘LEO remembered’ is published, with financial support from the AIT Trust, by the charities LEO Computers Society and the Centre for Computing History, based in Cambridge. It has a foreword by Dame Stephanie Shirley CH and an introduction by Professor Frank Land OBE.
• The book is available, priced £8 plus postage, from LEOremembered@leo-computers.org.uk

Photo caption:

Frank Land, now in his nineties, an early LEO programmer, with the new book, “LEO remembered.” He led the LEO company’s early sales and systems consultancy team for 15 years and then took his experience in another direction into academic research and education.

1. The LEO Computers Society is committed to promoting and protecting LEO’s history. Membership of the Society is open to all ex-employees of LEO Computers and its succeeding companies, anyone who worked with a LEO computer and anyone with a specific interest in the history of LEO Computers. Among its members are pioneers from the very early days of computing and membership is currently free of charge. Visitwww.leo-computers.org.uk. Follow @leocomputers51.

2.. Established in 2006, the Centre for Computing History is a charitable heritage organisation with a strong focus on learning. Since opening in Cambridge in August 2013, the Centre has helped people understand how tech has shaped the modern world and revolutionised the way we live, work and play through interactive displays and exhibitions, our schools programme, learning events and

workshops, and an astonishing collection of computers old and new. Visit www.computinghistory.org.uk. Follow @computermuseum

in Museum Victoria Collections http://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/articles/12682 This link is broken but some relevant information is at CCH https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/51031/LEO-Computers-in-Australia/

How the Cambridge Electronic Calculator works, J. Lyons & Co., June 1949. EDSAC

Lyons Office Journal, Vol. 2, Number 21, March. Report with photo of the visit which includes meeting John Simmons and T.R. Thompson showing LEO I to Royal Party. A copy is held in the London Metropolitan Archive under catalogue number ACC/3527/310

J. Lyons & Co.
Intended for the Lyons’ Management only a small number were printed. The original version was about 75 pages, though later versions were much longer. Copies are held in

the John Simmons Archive at Warwick University Modern Records Centre Showcase: Pioneers: Innovators in Science and Technology, and can be downloaded from: http://contentdm.warwick.ac.uk/cdm/ref/collection/leo/id/263 http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/mrc/explorefurther/images/pioneers/ files as item MSS.363/S4/12 and at the University of Manchester John Rylands Library, http://archives.li.man.ac.uk/ead/html/gb133nahc-leo-p1.shtml, filed as item

C130. Appendix 13 in Peter Bird’s book LEO: The First Business Computer is extracted from the guide.

in Caminer, D.T., et al, editors, LEO: The Incredible Story of the World’s First Business Computer, McGraw- Hill, New York, Part 3, Chapter 20, pp. 243 – 248.

LEO, the Army, the Navy Dockyards and De Havilland, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, ISSN: 1058-6180.

Published by J. Lyons & Co., Cadby Hall, Feb 16th.