LEO editor

David Caminer – 1915 – 2008 joined Lyons before World War II as a Management Trainee, his career was interrupted by National Service, losing a leg in the battlefields of North Africa, before returning to Lyons and being appointed head of the Systems Research Office ,followed by taking a prominent and leading role in the establishment of LEO.  Described by John Aris as the inventor of Systems Analysis, his methodological approach was a key factor in the success of LEO. His ambition, following his retirement was to ensure that the story of LEO would take its proper place in the history of computing.  He helped fulfil that ambition by his writing and the establishment of the LEO Foundation.   See also a biographical sketch on page201 of Peter Bird’s LEO: the World’s First Business Computer, and his personal profile is listed in the Oxforf Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) written by Georgina Ferry and published online in 2009.

Obituaries and Tributes Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – ODNB ,(Georgina Ferry) Financial Times (Alan Cane)	Switched .com  (Will Safer)
The Independent (Martin Campbell-Kelly)	Booksellers Association (Martyn Daniels)
The Daily Telegraph	IT History Society
The Times	Scotts news.blogspot.com
The Guardian (Frank Land)	BBC Radio 4 ‘Last Word’
The Jewish Chronicle	Computing (Iain Thomson)
The Richmond and Twickenham Times	Twinings Tea
The Liverpool Daily Post	Centaurs Rugby Club
The New York Times (Douglas Martin)	Electronicsinfoline.com
The Atlanta Journal Constitution	Computeach
The Chronicle Herald, Halifax, Nova Scotia	Computing- Letters to the Editor (R.Sarson)
The Day, Connecticut	Wikipedia
The LEO Society website (Frank Land)	The Test Bed- Personal Computer World
Vnunet.com (Iain Thomson, San Francisco)	Fujitsu – ICL pensioners (Frank Land)
Star Tribune, Minneapolis-St Paul	Chicago Tribune
Ameblo, Japan	The Eponymous Pickle (Franz Dill )
Guardian Blogs	Funeral piece (Hilary Caminer)
Gadsden Times

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/2188963/David-Caminer.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Caminer

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/technology/29caminer.html

http://boingboing.net/2008/06/29/computer-pioneer-and.html

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/jul/11/1

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/technology/29caminer.html

Jackie Caminer – died January 2017 aged 94, wife of David Caminer. Her daughter Hilary Caminer writes: `                   
My mother, Jackie, died this morning peacefully at home aged 94. Without her, my father’s LEO work would have been much harder for him – they were heroes and heroines those LEO partners.

She had a fine career in her own right as a teacher – teaching not only here but in Brussels and Luxembourg when my father was installing computers for the EU. She was also an ardent campaigner on adult education and on local issues as well as a fine dancer, artist and craftswoman. She missed my father terribly and counted many of his LEO colleagues as personal friends.

Doug Comish writes: I was very sorry to hear that your mother had died. She was a quite remarkable character with many accomplishments and a most wonderful wife for David.

She was a super support for him during an exciting and important career.

When you look back at what was achieved with LEO it was remarkable. It was a privilege to work with that outstanding team of people from all disciplines—from application designers, programmers, operators, design, development, and production engineers and marketeers. The manner in which they all pulled together and overcame problems was probably unique.

Your father played the major role but Jackie was a great support. You can be very proud of them.

Hamish Carmichael –  died July 2017 aged 83. Hamish after a career with ICL became an active member of   Computer Conservation Society.  Always a good friend of LEO. Author of book of reminiscences and stories of ICL (including LEO) employees. Computer Conservation Society obituary Hamish Carmichael

John Coombs  1927 – 2012

John joined LEO as a Trainee Programmer in March 1954 while he was still technically on Demob Leave from the British Army in which he had served for some nine years.  His army service included time in Northern Ireland and long spells in the Middle East. The army sponsored him at St Peter’s Hall, Oxford for a Maths degree but before this finished he had the opportunity to go to Sandhurst from where he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery.

While John’s service in the J. Lyons group of Companies lasted till 1991, his stay with Leo was relatively short as he was transferred to the Works Department shortly before his marriage to fellow programmer, Mary Blood. He continued his training in other areas of the Lyons empire, including the Works Department, the Personal Transport Department, and the Ice Cream Department.                                                

John Coombs  1927 – 2012

John joined LEO as a Trainee Programmer in March 1954 while he was still technically on Demob Leave from the British Army in which he had served for some nine years.  His army service included time in Northern Ireland and long spells in the Middle East. The army sponsored him at St Peter’s Hall, Oxford for a Maths degree but before this finished he had the opportunity to go to Sandhurst from where he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery.

While John’s service in the J. Lyons group of Companies lasted till 1991, his stay with Leo was relatively short as he was transferred to the Works Department shortly before his marriage to fellow programmer, Mary Blood. He continued his training in other areas of the Lyons empire, including the Works Department, the Personal Transport Department, and the Ice Cream Department.                                                

Mary Clare Coombs (née Blood, 4 February 1929 – 28 February 2022).

Mary gained fame as the first women world-wide to write a business application on a computer – the LEO I installed by Lyons at Cadby Hall.  Her fame was such that she received the accolade of full obituaries in the Guardian, The Daily Telegraph. The Times as well as the trade press and IT/IS institutions including the BCS the Register and Wikipedia.  A full listing of tributes to Mary as at 22nd March 2022 is:

                Obituary notices etc for Mary Coombs                                   

                date       Publication          link         comment

1              09/03/2022         CCH website      http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/  

2              10/03/2022         The Daily Telegraph  

 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2022/03/10/mary-coombs-first-woman-write-programs-worlds-first-business/          John Aeberhard. Also posted on Flipboard.com

3              11/03/2022         The Guardian     

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/mar/11/mary-coombs-obituary               Georgina Ferry

4              12/03/2022         The Register (web)         

 https://www.theregister.com/2022/03/12/obit_mary_coombs/                Uploaded by Putney High School. Several comments online

5              12/03/2022         The NewsTrace (web)

https://thenewstrace.com/the-first-female-programmer-of-a-commercial-application-worked-in-a-cake-company-and-just-died-at-93-years-old/224277/                https://thenewstrace.com/the-first-female-programmer-of-a-commercial-application-worked-in-a-cake-company-and-just-died-at-93-years-old/224277/               Kim Diaz

6              13/02/2022         Retrocomputing (web)

 https://retrocomputingforum.com/t/mary-coombs-first-woman-commercial-programmer-dies-at-93/2428             Link to The Register

7              14/03/2022         BCS        

https://www.bcs.org/articles-opinion-and-research/obituary-mary-coombs-worlds-first-woman-business-computer-programmer-1929-2022/             John Aeberhard Frank Land

8              14/03/2022         The Elective (web)           

https://elective.collegeboard.org/mary-coombs-computer-science-pioneer                Dante A Ciampaglia US website founded 2020 for students

9              14/03/2022         Computer Weekly.com (web)     

https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252514561/First-female-business-computer-programmer-dies     John Aeberhard ( sent in by PB)

10           15/03/2022         Communications of the ACM (web)        

 https://cacm.acm.org/news/259299-in-memoriam-mary-coombs-1929-2022/fulltext              Refers to full text in Computing – see below.

11           15/03/2022         Computing          https://www.computing.co.uk/news/4046448/mary-coombs-female-business-computer-programmer-dies-93               Dev Kundaliya. Behind a membership wall.

12           17/03/2022         The Times           

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/mary-coombs-obituary-gns7lzf6z     John Aeberhard with additions from the family

13           18/03/2022  20/3/2022  BBC Radio 4 Last               https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0015bbn              Frank Land and Georgina Ferry

14           ?              The Week            No link – Neville has sent me scan of the magasine.           Can’t track down web link to the article

15                           Wikipedia            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Coombs      Updated entry

16                           Bucks Free Press

 https://www.bucksfreepress.co.uk/announcements/deaths/deaths/20002314.Mary_Clare_COOMBS___n__e_Blood_/                Death notice from family

It is with great regret that we report that Mary Coombs, (née Blood), one of the LEO pioneers passed away on 28^th February 2022 at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, at the age of 93. 

We print below the obituary written by John Aeberhard and then a personal tribute to Mary from her friend and fellow-programmer, Frank Land.  On the LCS website you will find links to the very many printed and online national and international obituaries published after Mary’s death. There is also a link to the BBC4 programme ‘Last Words’ which featured Mary with contributions from Georgina Ferry and Frank Land.

Mary at a LEO reunion at Middle Temple Hall  (portrait © Mike Hally)

MARY COOMBS, WORLD’S FIRST WOMAN

BUSINESS COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

Mary Coombs, the first woman to write programs for Lyons Electronic Office (LEO), the world’s first business computer, has died at the age of 93 in Stoke Mandeville Hospital following complications arising after a Covid infection. 

Mary Blood as she then was joined J Lyons & Co in 1952 as a management trainee, just a few months or so after LEO had run its first business application and following a holiday job arranged for her by her father, the company’s senior medical doctor. Initially, she was put to work in the company’s statistical office operating a calculating machine, but following a stellar performance in an aptitude test, was offered the chance to join the LEO team which, she always said, she jumped at.

Well aware of her role as a computing pioneer – “We were all engaged in a big adventure,” she would say – she joined the computing team when there were just three programmers on board, all men, becoming the only woman in a class of twelve on an introductory computer appreciation course. From here, it was straight into payroll applications for a rapidly growing range of external clients as well as developing programs for internal company use.

It was a huge challenge.  Not only had much of the work never been done before, but as Mary would point out, she was working on a notoriously unreliable valve computer, but also one that had just 2K bytes of computer storage compared to the “umpteen gigabytes” available to present programmers.

“When it was LEO 1 you had to know a lot about the machine itself because there was so little storage space that every instruction had to be essential, or it had to be knocked out,” she would tell interested friends.  

As well as working on programming to handle payroll for companies such as Ford Motor and Lyons itself, Mary was also involved in such jobs as tax tables for the Inland Revenue, Met Office work and the calculation of ballistics for the Army. She went on to become a supervisor and worked to locate and repair coding errors in the programs created by others.

Family commitments meant that she ceased full-time programming in 1964, but continued to work part-time editing computer manuals and for a few months ran a computer programming course for severely disabled residents at the Princess Marina Centre, Seer Green, sponsored jointly by ICL and Buckinghamshire County Council.

It was not until late 1969 that she ended her formal connection with the LEO team.

Mary returned to full-time employment in September 1973 as a primary school teacher, completing a three-year postgraduate teaching course in 1976.  She retired from teaching in 1985 and went on to work as a buyer in the water treatment industry.

Mary Clare Coombs, nee Blood, was born on 4 February 1929 to her doctor father, William, and his wife, Ruth. She was educated at Putney High School and St Paul’s Girls School.  Her favourite subject at school was maths, giving a clue to her later occupation.  She went on, however, to read French and gain a BA Hons degree at Queen Mary College, London University.

Mary married John Coombs (d.2012), himself briefly a computer programmer on the LEO team, in 1955.  Together they had a daughter, Anne, who sadly died aged just six.  Between 1965 and 1969 they adopted three more children, Andrew, Paul and Gillian.  They survive her as do a younger sister, Ruth and three grandchildren, Grace, Jemma and John.

A tribute to Mary Coombs by Frank Land

Transcribed by Hilary Caminer from the recording of the LEO Computers Society zoom on 25/3/2022. This zoom session was held in Mary’s honour.

‘I want to say a few words about Mary who died so recently and tragically. I knew Mary as a personal friend and much of my recollection is of her as a personal friend. I remember we met first at the Appreciation Course which Lyons gave to their own people to see how many of them might fit into the LEO team. At the time Lyons thought they could recruit most of the people they needed for their LEO team from inside and some of the first generation like the Hemy’s and so on had all come from Lyons. 

On that course I first met Mary. I didn’t recognise her as anything special but she did exceptionally well on the course on her own. She had studied French, but she was a good mathematician and she liked mathematics and indeed one of her obituaries called her a mathematician though she never studied mathematics. We were both on the same course.

I survived the course because I had a wife who was a mathematician and helped me – I don’t know where I would be now if she hadn’t helped me! Mary managed it on her own and we two were chosen to join the LEO team.

She made an immediate impression, she was thorough, she was good – and we became friends. What I remember most about her was that she was kind. I remember she was always out to help the disadvantaged.

I remember our eldest daughter was the same age as her daughter, the daughter who later died – and I remember sitting on the lawn at High Wycombe with the two girls playing together. Then, on another occasion, they were playing and their daughter hadn’t progressed and ours had and we knew then that something was wrong.

Anyway, Mary was clearly a very thorough and good programmer. She always thought that she was kept at the supervisor level rather that at management level because she was too good at her job. But I think it was more because of the glass ceiling which affected most women.

What is perhaps ironic is that Mary, through her death achieved more for the LEO story than she ever did in her life, notable as it was that she was the first woman to write a commercial program. But that wasn’t her strength – her strength was her reliability, that she was good at her job, that she was able to deal with other people. The irony is now is that through her death, through the very many obituaries she has received she has raised the status of LEO and made the LEO story better known throughout the world in a way that would have been difficult without that happening. Ironic, but true.

I remember Mary as a kind person, even when she had problems with her own child, a little bit later on she would look after somebody with MS because she felt for them and throughout her life she had this particular kindness. Some people may have called her ‘scary Mary’ or ‘bloody Mary’ but these were just nicknames people used. I think we each had our moniker – I don’t know what I was called, but I am sure it wasn’t flattering.

So let me close by paying tribute to a person who was really a wonderful person for her ability, for her continued striving for what is right and good. She is a great loss to the Society and she is a great loss to humanity.

Let me close on that note as a tribute to Mary Coombs, née Blood as was. Thank you.’

Betty Cooper (better known under her maiden name Betty Newman), sister in law of Pat Cooper (Mrs Pat Fantl) Sadly Betty died on 31st August. She worked from 1955 to 1964 on both LEO l and LEO ll at Lyons.  Her Oral History is noted below in the Oral History section.  Applications she made programming contributions include L4, the Tea-Blending job, and the production control application for the Liverpool clock and watch makers J.D. Francis, an application specified by Oliver Standingford. She became a valued member of Leo Fantl’s payroll group including involvement with the Ford, Stewarts and Lloyds and Kodak payroll. After retirement from LEO she did freelance programming for LEO II and LEO III customers (including LEO Computers) and devised a system for writing programs in Braille for blind programmers .Betty Cooper

An earlier very comprehensive interview was conducted by Janet Abbate on 14 September 2001 as Interview # 585 for the IEEE History Center, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. and is reproduced in Engineering and Technology Wiki at
https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Betty_Cooper

Alan Clarke   died December 2019.  Alex Woolard (LEO Engineer) reports:

I have to report the sad news that Alan Clarke who worked at Minerva Road, Kidsgrove and Winsford from 1962 until the Winsford plant closed, has died. Alan was a commissioning engineer working on Leo III peripherals, and subsequently System 4, and the New Range 2900 family. He had a long battle with Cancer and finally lost the fight on 9^th December 2019 with his family around him. He continued to live in the same house that he bought when he moved up to Kidsgrove in 1965, after the English Electric merger, and leaves his wife Patricia and a son and daughter.I worked with Alan both at Minerva Road and Kindsgrove/Winsford and always remembered him as a smart guy, and a pleasure to work with.