LEO editor

Professor George Mitchell, review published Journal of Operational Research Society..

“This fascinating book tells the life story of LEO. Rather over a third of the book is the historical record, carefully researched and engagingly written up by Caminer. The rest is largely personal memoirs of those involved in the early days, including accounts of several innovative applications. The whole is rounded off by an evaluation by Aris. The book’s value is enhanced by the style of writing. Those who worked in LEO, especially in its earlier days, including many of the book’s authors, exercised an influence on the development of business computing in the UK quite disproportionate to their numbers. I found this book a good read and one which exited several strands of thought. Although its main market will be among scholars and students of IT and business studies, it deserves a wide readership in the OR community

John Perkins, National Computer Centre Newsletter,

“The book is a fascinating adventure story in which the dynamics of an extraordinary group of people made the seemingly impossible happen.”

Professor John Ward in the Journal of Strategic Information Systems.

“The story of that first business computer: Leo – Lyons Electronic Office – is told in this book. Whilst it is history, reflection on what was achieved and not achieved and why still has many lessons of relevance to the successful use of IT today – we seem to be learning painfully and slowly!.

…. a review by John Aris of what of what he calls the ‘LEO approach’ – an integrated combination of technology innovation, application and consultancy designed to enable significant business improvements from computer use in a range of situation. Many of these applications would be called ‘business process redesign’ in the 1990s!

The wide range of contributors provide many different perspectives on what happened and views on why things evolved the way they did. It is a set of memoirs – often very personal ones – of a time when Britain could be said to have led the world in the application of this new technology.

… it is a book that we should all be grateful the authors took the time and trouble to get together and write. It is a story of extraordinary achievements, by a talented team…”

I. A. Lovelock in Management Accounting.

“This book is a first-hand account of how this astounding innovation came about. It is a flesh and blood, warts and all story related by the participants, brimming over with the same enthusiasm that enabled the unlikeliest of organisations to lead the way into the future that we are all familiar with today.

It concludes with different strands coming together to provide the essence of the LEO credo of comprehensive, integrated, secure, action stimulated implementations.”

Professor T. Brady, Brighton University

        “As well as being a fascinating piece of historical writing the book provides food for thought in the supposedly computer literate world of the 21st Century. Spectacular computer disasters such as the London Stock Exchange’s Taurus system have left us with rather jaundiced perceptions about computer projects. Why were Lyons better at implementing computer systems?

One major factor was that before automating business processes the Lyons team ensured that they were well understood and ready for computerisation. Long before the prospect of computers came along, Lyons had established a systems research office with the brief to constantly search out how improvements might be made to the business by changing processes.”

Professor Paul Ceruzzi, Smithsonian Institute Washington

“Most surveys of the history of computing mark the beginning of the commercial computer age with the delivery of the first UNIVAC in 1951.  The better ones note the first delivery of a UNIVAC to a commercial, not government, customer (General Electric) in 1954.  Only the best histories mention LEO, a computer  built by the British catering company J. Lyons & Co. and first operational in September 1951, as the real beginning of commercial application of the stored-program computer.”

Ferry, Georgina (2003) ‘A Computer Called LEO’, Fourth Estate, London.
‘LEO and its creators deserve their place in history not because of what it was, but because of what it did. For LEO was the first computer in the world to be harnessed to the task of running a business.

                              A paperback edition was published in 2005, by Harper Perennial

Coombs, M. (2003) Review: ‘A Computer called  LEO’ (Ferry, G.), European Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 4, 241-24.  http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/53095/Book-Review-A-Computer-Called-LEO

Caminer H., editor (2016) ‘LEO remembered: by the people who worked on the world’s first business computers’, LEO Computers Society. Collection of reminiscences, testifying to a sense of collective endeavour among the LEO community.

Lenaerts, E. (1948) ‘Development of the LEO Computer: Brief Description of EDSAC’.
Peter Bird collected and had bound (September 1992) the photocopies of the handwritten description of EDSAC compiled by Ernest Lenaerts in October 1948, with contributions from David Caminer, Derek Hemy, Thomas Thompson and others.  It formed the basis of a larger publication titled The Layman’s Guide to LEO – see below.  The volume was donated to the LEO Computers Society by Philip Bird, November 2017.